Before Orthodoxy: The Satanic Verses in Early Islam

Introduction: How Does Truth Happen?
1. How to Read the Earliest Sources?
2. The Earliest Narrative Reports (Riwāyahs) and Their Transmitters
Riwāyahs 1 to 7: From Muḥammad b. Ka‘b al-Quraẓī
Riwāyah 1: From the Rayy Recension of the Sīrah of Muḥammad Ibn Isḥāq
Riwāyah 2: Abū Ma‘shar’s Report from Muḥammad b. Ka‘b and Muḥammad b. Qays
Riwāyah 3: al-Wāqidī’s Report from al-Muṭṭalib b. Ḥanṭab and the Banū Ẓafar
Riwāyahs 4 to 6: Summary Reports from Muḥammad b. Ka‘b al-Quraẓī
Riwāyah 4: A Summary Report from Muḥammad b. Ka‘b in the Tafsīr of Abū al-Layth al-Samarqandī
Riwāyah 5: A Summary Report from Muḥammad b. Ka‘b in the Tafsīr of Ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī
Riwāyah 6: A Summary Report from Muḥammad b. Ka‘b in the Tafsīr of Abū al-Shaykh al-Iṣbahānī
Riwāyah 7: From the Maghāzī of Yūnus b. Bukayr
Riwāyahs 8 to 13: From ‘Urwah b. al-Zubayr
Riwāyah 8: From Abū al-Aswad’s Egyptian Recension of ‘Urwah’s Maghāzī
Riwāyah 9: al-Bayhaqī’s Citation of the Maghāzī of Mūsā b. ‘Uqbah, and Ibn Kathīr’s Citation from Ibn Abī Ḥātim of the Maghāzī of Mūsā b. ‘Uqbah
Riwāyah 10: al-Dhahabī’s Citation of the Maghāzī of Mūsā b. ‘Uqbah
Riwāyah 11: Abū Nu‘aym al-Iṣbahānī’s Citation of the Maghāzī of Mūsā b. ‘Uqbah
Riwāyah 12: al-Suyūṭī’s Citation from Ibn Abī Ḥātim’s Tafsīr of the Maghāzī of Mūsā b. ‘Uqbah
Riwāyah 13: al-Kilā‘ī’s Citation of the Maghāzī of Mūsā b. ‘Uqbah
Riwāyahs 8 to 13: Conclusions
Riwāyahs 14 and 15: al-Zuhrī from Abū Bakr ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. al-Ḥārith
Riwāyah 14: Probably from al-Zuhrī’s Tafsīr with a ṣaḥīḥ mursal isnād
Riwāyah 15: Probably from al-Zuhrī’s Kitāb al-maghāzī
Riwāyahs 14 and 15: Conclusions
Riwāyahs 16 to 20: From Abū al-‘Āliyah al-Baṣrī
Riwāyah 16: Cited by al-Ṭabarī with a ṣaḥīḥ mursal Basran isnād
Riwāyah 17: Also Cited by al-Ṭabarī with a ṣaḥīḥ mursal Basran isnād
Riwāyah 18: Cited by al-Suyūṭī in the Durr from the Tafsīrs of al-Ṭabarī, Ibn al-Mundhir and Ibn Abī Ḥātim by an Unspecified ṣaḥīḥ isnād
Riwāyah 19: Cited by al-Suyūṭī in the Durr from the Tafsīrs of al-Ṭabarī, Ibn al-Mundhir and Ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī
Riwāyah 20: Cited by Yaḥyā b. Sallām al-Baṣrī in his Tafsīr
Riwāyahs 16 to 20: Conclusions
Riwāyahs 21 and 22: From al-Suddī
Riwāyah 21: In the Tafsīr of ‘Abd b. Ḥumayd al-Samarqandī
Riwāyah 22: In the Tafsīr of Ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī
Riwāyah 23: From Muḥammad b. al-Sā’ib al-Kalbī
Riwāyahs 24 to 26: From Qatādah b. Di‘āmah
Riwāyah 24: Cited by Yaḥyā b. Sallām al-Baṣrī in His Tafsīr
Riwāyah 25: al-Ṭabarī’s Citation of Tafsīr Muḥammad ibn Thawr ‘an Ma‘mar ‘an Qatādah, and of al-Ḥasan b. Yaḥyā’s Citation of Qatādah in the Baghdādī Transmission of the Tafsīr of ‘Abd al-Razzāq al-Ṣan‘ānī
Riwāyah 26: From the Tafsīr of ‘Abd al-Razzāq al-Ṣan‘ānī
Riwāyahs 24 to 26: Conclusions
Riwāyahs 27 to 30: From Muqātil b. Sulaymān
Riwāyah 27: Muqātil’s Commentary on Qur’ān 22:52 al-Ḥajj
Riwāyah 28: Muqātil’s Commentary on Qur’ān 53:19–26 al-Najm
Riwāyah 29: Muqātil’s Commentary on Qur’ān 109 al-Kāfirūn
Riwāyah 30: Muqātil’s Commentary on Qur’ān 39:43–45 al-Zumar
Riwāyahs 27 to 30: Conclusions
Riwāyahs 31 to 33: From Mujāhid b. Jabr
Riwāyah 31: From Mujāhid’s Commentary on Qur’ān 22:52 al-Ḥajj Cited by Ibn ‘Aqīlah
Riwāyah 32: From Mujāhid’s Commentary on Qur’ān 39:45 al-Zumar Cited by al-Wāḥidī
Riwāyah 33: From Mujāhid’s Commentary on Qur’ān 17:73 al-Isrā’ Cited by al-Tha‘labī
Riwāyah 34: From al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Muzāḥim al-Balkhī
Riwāyahs 35 to 44: Attributed to ‘Abd Allāh b. ‘Abbās
Riwāyah 35: From ‘Aṭiyyah b. Sa‘d al-‘Awfī
Riwāyah 36: From Abū Ṣāliḥ
Riwāyah 37: From ‘Aṭā’ b. Abī Rabāḥ al-Makkī
Riwāyah 38: Cited Directly from Ibn ‘Abbās in the Gharā’ib al-Qur’ān of Niẓām al-Dīn al-Naysābūrī
Riwāyah 39: From Abū Sāliḥ; from ‘Ikrimah the mawlā of Ibn ‘Abbās; and from an Unnamed Source
Riwāyahs 40 to 44: Sa‘īd b. Jubayr from Ibn ‘Abbās
Riwāyahs 40, 41 and 42: ‘Uthmān b. al-Aswad ← Sa‘īd b. Jubayr
Riwāyah 40: In the Mukhtārah of al-Ḍiyā’ al-Maqdisī with a Deficient isnād
Riwāyah 41: In the Tafsīr of Abū al-Layth al-Samarqandī with an Unacknowledged ṣaḥīḥ isnād
Riwāyah 42: In the Asbāb al-nuzūl of al-Wāḥidī with an isnād Stopping at Sa‘īd b. Jubayr
Riwāyahs 43 and 44: Shu‘bah ← Abū Bishr ← Sa‘īd b. Jubayr ← Ibn ‘Abbās
Riwāyah 43: Cited from Yūsuf b. Ḥammād al-Baṣrī in the Musnad of al-Bazzār with Two Cautionary Remarks
Riwāyah 44: Cited from Yūsuf b. Ḥammād al-Baṣrī in the Mu‘jam al-Kabīr of al-Ṭabarānī and in the Tafsīr of Ibn Mardawayh, with an Interesting Remark
Riwāyahs 35 to 44: Conclusions
Riwāyahs 45 to 47: From Sa‘īd b. Jubayr without Attribution to Ibn ‘Abbās
Riwāyah 45: Cited by al-Ṭabarī from Sa‘īd b. Jubayr via Shu‘bah and Abū Bishr Ja‘far b. Abī Waḥshiyyah
Riwāyah 46: Cited by Ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī from Sa‘īd b. Jubayr via Shu‘bah and Abū Bishr Ja‘far b. Abī Waḥshiyyah
Riwāyah 47: Cited by al-Suyūṭī in the Durr without an isnād
Riwāyahs 40 to 47: Conclusions
Riwāyah 48: From ‘Ikrimah, the mawlā of Ibn ‘Abbās
Riwāyahs 49 and 50: From al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī
Riwāyah 49: Cited from al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī in al-Nukat wa-al-‘uyūn of al-Māwardī
Riwāyah 50: Cited from al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī in Aḥkām al-Qur’ān of al-Jaṣṣāṣ
Conclusions: The Satanic Verses, Riwāyahs 1 to 50
3. Why Did the Early Muslim Community Accept the Satanic Verses Incident as Truth?
Bibliography
Acknowledgments
Index