Metal Ions in Biological Systems Vol. 40

Distribution of the Lanthanides in the Earth's Crust Mobilization of Lanthanides through the Terrestrial Biosphere Complexes of Lanthanide Ions with Amino Acids, Phosphates, and Other Ligands of Biological Interest in Solution Biologically Relevant Structural Coordination Chemistry of Simple Lanthanide Ion Complexes Lanthanide Ions as Probes in Studies for Metal Ion-Dependent Enzymes Lanthanide Chelates as Fluorescence Labels for Diagnostics and Biotechnology Responsive Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes Lanthanide Ions as Probes of Electron Transfer in Proteins Lanthanide Ions as Luminescent Probes of Proteins and Nucleic Acids Lanthanide-Promoted Peptide Bond Hydrolysis Lanthanide-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters and Nucleic Acids Sequence-Selective Scission of DNA and RNA by Lanthanides and Their Complexes Lanthanide Ions as Probes for Metal Ions in the Structure and Catalytic Mechanism of Ribozymes Lanthanides as Shift and Relaxation Agents in Elucidating the Structure of Proteins and Nucleic Acids Lanthanide Ions as Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents. Nuclear and Electronic Relaxation Properties. Applications Interactions of Lanthanides and Their Complexes with Proteins. Conclusions Regarding Magnetic Resonance Imaging Metabolism and Toxicity of the Lanthanides Cell Responses to Lanthanides and Potential Pharmacological Actions of Lanthanides