Working Guide to Process Equipment

How Trays Work: Flooding. Downcomer Backup How Trays Work: Dumping. Weeping Through Tray Decks Why Control Tower Pressure. Options for Optimizing Tower Operating Pressure What Drives Distillation Towers. Reboiler Function How Reboilers Work: Thermosyphon, Gravity Feed, and Forced How Instruments Work. Levels, Pressures, Flows and Temperatures Packed Towers: Better Than Trays? Packed-Bed Vapor and Liquid Distribution Steam and Condensate Systems. Water Hammer and Condensate Backup, Steam Side Reboiler Control Bubble Point and Dew Point. Equilibrium Concepts in Vapor Liquid Mixtures Steam Strippers Draw Off Nozzle Hydraulics. Nozzle Cavitation Due to Lack of Hydrostatic Head Pumparounds and Tower Heat Flows. Closing the Tower Enthalpy Balance Condensers and Tower Pressure Control. Hot-Vapor Bypass: Flooded Condenser Control Air Coolers. Fin Fan Coolers Deaerators and Steam Systems. Generating Steam in Boilers and BFW Preparation Vacuum Systems: Steam Jet Ejectors. Steam Turbines Use of Horsepower Valves and Correct Speed Control Surface Condensers the Condensing Steam Turbine Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers: Heat Transfer Fouling Resistance Fired Heaters: Fire and Flue Gas Side: Draft and Afterburn: Optimizing Excess Air Fired Heaters: Process Side Cocking Furnace Tubes and Tube Failures Refrigeration Systems. An Introduction to Centrifugal Compressors Centrifugal Pumps: Fundamentals of Operation. Head, Flow and Pressure Centrifugal Pumps: Driver Limits. Electric Motors and Steam Turbines Centrifugal Pumps: Suction Pressure Limits. Cavitation and Net Positive Suction Head Separators: Vapor-Hydrocarbon-Water Liquid Settling Rates Gas Compression: The Basic Idea. The Second Law of Thermodynamics Made Easy Centrifugal Compressors and Surge: Overmaping the Motor Driver Reciprocating Compressors: The Carnot Cycle; Use of Indicator Card Compressor Efficiency: Effect on Driver Load Safety Concerns: Relief Valves, Corrosion, and Safety Trips Corrosion: Process Units Fluid Flow in Pipes: Basic Ideas to Evaluate Newtonian and Non Newtonian Flow Super Fractionation Separation Stage Computer Modeling and Control Field Troubleshooting Process Problems