TY  - BOOK
AU  - Flint, S. J.
AU  - Enquist, L. W.
AU  - Skalka, A. M.
AU  - Racaniello, V. R.
TI  - Principles of Virology, Vol.2: Pathogenesis and Control
U1  - 579.2 
PY  - 0000///
CY  - Washington D.C.
PB  - A. S. M. Press
KW  - Virology
N1  - 1.  Infection of a Susceptible Host Introduction A Brief History of Viral Pathogenesis Microbes as Infectious Agents The First Human Viruses The Golden Age of Viral Pathogenesis The New Millennium and Viral Pathogenesis Infection Basics A Series of Unfortunate Events Initiating an Infection Viral Entry Successful Infections Must Evade Host Defenses Viral Spread Organ Invasion Tropism Perspectives References 2.  Infection of Populations Introduction Principles of Viral Pathogenesis Statistics Epidemiology Shedding of Virions Transmission of Viral Infection Geography and Season Viral Virulence Host Susceptibility to Viral Disease Other Determinants of Susceptibility Perspectives References 3.  Virus Offense Meets Host Defense: Early Actions The Host Defense against Viral Infections Primary Physical and Chemical Defenses The First Critical Moments of Infection Intrinsic Cellular Defenses Receptor-Mediated Recognition of Pathogen-Associated Molecules Cytokines, the Primary Output of Intrinsic Cell Defense Interferons, Cytokines of Early Warning and Action Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death) The Hostile Cytoplasm: Other Intrinsic Defenses Autophagy Epigenetic Silencing RNA Silencing Cytosine Deamination (Apobec, Apolipoprotein B Editing Complex) Trim Proteins (Tripartite Interaction Motif) Perspectives References 4.  Immune Defenses Introduction Innate and Adaptive Immune Defenses The Innate Immune Response General Features Sentinel Cells Natural Killer Cells Complement The Inflammatory Response The Adaptive Immune Response General Features Cells of the Adaptive Immune System Adaptive Immunity: the Action of Lymphocytes That Carry Distinct Antigen Receptors Antigen Presentation and Activation of Immune Cells The Cell-Mediated Adaptive Response The Antibody Response The Immune System and the Brain Immunopathology: Too Much of a Good Thing Immunopathological Lesions Viral Infection-Induced Immunosuppression Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Autoimmune Diseases Heterologous T-Cell Immunity Superantigens "Short-Circuit" the Immune System Mechanisms Mediated by Free Radicals Perspectives References 5.  Patterns of Infection Introduction Life Cycles and Host Defenses Mathematics of Growth Correlate with Patterns of Infection Acute Infections Definition and Requirements Acute Infections Tend To Be Efficiently Contained and Cleared Antigenic Variation Provides a Selective Advantage in Acute Infections Common Public Health Problems Persistent Infections Definition and Requirements An Ineffective Intrinsic or Innate Immune Response Can Promote a Persistent Infection Modulation of the Adaptive Immune Response Perpetuates a Persistent Infection Persistent Infections May Be Established in Tissues with Reduced Immune Surveillance Persistent Infections May Occur When Cells of the Immune System Are Infected Two Viruses That Cause Persistent Infections Measles Virus Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Latent Infections General Properties Herpes Simplex Virus Epstein-Barr Virus Slow Infections: Sigurdsson's Legacy Abortive Infections Transforming Infections Perspectives References 6.  Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenesis Introduction Worldwide Scope of the Problem HIV is a Lentivirus Discovery and Characterization Distinctive Features of the HIV Replication Cycle and the Roles of Auxiliary Proteins Cellular Targets Routes of Transmission Sources of Virus Infection Modes of Transmission Mechanics of Spread The Course of Infection Patterns of Virus Appearance and Immune Cell Indicators of Infection Variability of Response to Infection Origins of Cellular Immune Dysfunction CD4+ T Lymphocytes Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Monocytes and Macrophages B Cells Natural Killer Cells Autoimmunity Immune Responses to HIV Humoral Responses The Cellular Immune Response Summary: the Critical Balance Dynamics of HIV-1 Replication in AIDS Patients Effects of HIV on Different Tissues and Organ Systems Lymphoid Organs The Nervous System The Gastrointestinal System Other Organ Systems HIV and Cancer Kaposi's Sarcoma B-Cell Lymphomas Anogenital Carcinomas Propects for Treatment and Prevention Antiviral Drugs and Therapies Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Prophylactic Vaccine Development To Prevent Infection Perspectives References 7.  Transformation and Oncogenesis Introduction Properties of Transformed Cells Control of Cell Proliferation Oncogenic Viruses Discovery of Oncogenic Viruses Viral Genetic Information in Transformed Cells The Origin and Nature of Viral Transforming Genes Functions of Viral Transforming Proteins Transformation by Activation of Cellular Signal Transduction Pathways Viral Mimics of Cellular Signaling Molecules Alteration of the Production or Activity of Cellular Signal Transduction Proteins Transformation via Cell Cycle Control Pathways Abrogation of Restriction Point Control Exerted by the Rb Protein Production of Virus-Specific Cyclins Inactivation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors Transformed Cells Must Also Grow and Survive Viral Inhibitor of the Apoptotic Cascade Integration of Inhibition of Apoptosis with Stimulation of Proliferation Inactivation of the Cellular Tumor Suppressor p53 Other Mechanisms of Transformation and Oncogenesis Nontransducing, Complex Oncogenic Retroviruses: Tumorigenesis with Very Long Latency Oncogenesis by Hepatitis Viruses Perspectives References 8.  Vaccines Introduction The Historical Origins of Vaccination Smallpox: a Historical Perspective Large-Scale Vaccination Programs Can Be Dramatically Effective Vaccine Basics Immunization Can Be Active or Passive Active Vaccines Stimulate Immune Memory The Fundamental Challenge The Science and Art of Making Vaccines Basic Approaches New Vaccine Technology Adjuvants Delivery Immunotherapy The Quest for an AIDS Vaccine Perspectives References 9.  Antiviral Drugs Introduction Paradox: So Much Knowledge, So Few Antivirals Historical Perspective Discovering Antiviral Compounds Screening for Antiviral Compounds Designer Antivirals and Computer-Based Searching The Difference between "R" and "D" Examples of Some Approved Antiviral Drugs The Search for New Antiviral Targets Antiviral Gene Therapy and Transdominant Inhibitors Resistance to Antiviral Drugs Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS Examples of Antiviral Drugs The Combined Problems of Treating a Persistent Infection and Emergence of Drug Resistance Combination Therapy Strategic Treatment Interruption Challenges and Lessons Learned Perspectives References 10.  Evolution and Emergence Virus Evolution The Classic Theory of Host-Parasite Interactions How Do Viral Populations Evolve? The Origin of Viruses The Fundamental Properties of Viruses Constrain and Drive Evolution Emerging Viruses The Spectrum of Host-Virus Interactions Encountering New Hosts: Fundamental Problems in Ecology Expanding Viral Niches: Snapshots of Selected Emerging Viruses Host Range Can Be Expanded by Mutation or Recombination Some Emergent Viruses Are Truly Novel A Paradigm Shift in Diagnostic Virology Perceptions and Possibilities Infectious Agents and Public Perceptions What Next? Perspectives References Appendix A: Diseases, Epidemiology, and Disease Mechanisms of Selected Animal Viruses Discussed in This Book Appendix B: Unusual Infectious Agents Glossary Index
ER  -