Innovation Crisis: Successes, Pitfalls and Solutions in Japan

1. Introduction
1.1.Japanese Carporates Are No Longer Innovating
1.1.1.The Science-Based Industry of Japan Faces a Crisis
1.1.2.The Collapse of Central Research Laboratories Triggered This Crisis
1.2.What Can Be Done to Revive Innovation?
1.2.1.Leverage Dormant Talent
1.2.2.Developing "a Good Eye" for Innovation
1.2.3.Science Literacy and Trans-science Issues
1.3.Structure of the Book
2.Why Has Japan Failed While America Succeeded?
2.1.What Are the Points of Difference Between Japan and America?
2.1.1.Decline of the Innovative Scientific Temper in Japan
2.1.2.The Young Generation of Japan Robbed of Creative Opportunities
2.1.3.Are the Japanese Not Daring Enough?
2.1.4.SBIR Has Dramatically Changed the Science-Based Industries of the United States
2.2.What Is SBIR?
2.2.1.The "Birth of a Star" System Set Up by the Government
2.2.2.The Three-Stage Selection Method
2.2.3.Providing Identity as a Scientist
2.2.4.Building an Innovation Ecosystem
2.3.Japan's Institutional Failure
2.3.1.Japanese SBIR Program That Ended Up as a Small and Medium Enterprise Support Policy
2.3.2.Mimicking the United States without Understanding the Basic Concept
2.3.3.Boldness of the American Industrial Policy
2.3.4.74% of SBIR "Award Winners" in the United States Are PhD Holders
2.3.5.A Japan That Does Not Leverage University Knowledge
2.3.6.The U. S. Pharmaceutical Industry That Created High Additional Value
2.3.7.The Japanese SBIR Program That Instead Lowered Sales
2.3.8.Starting Afresh with SBIR by Creating University Initiated Start-Ups
3.How Is Innovation Born?
3.1.Abduction: Understanding the True Nature of Science
3.1.1."Knowledge Creation" and "Knowledge Embodiment"
3.1.2."Day Science" and "Night Science"
3.1.3.A Computer's Thought Process: Deduction and Induction
3.1.4."Abduction" That Only Humans Can Do
3.1.5.Sustain the Paradigm or Disrupt It
3.1.6.Innovation Resulting in Breakthrough
3.1.7.Process of Shuhari: Obeying, Detaching, and Leaving
3.2.Innovation Diagram of Blue LED
3.2.1.Paradigm Sustaining Innovation by "Deduction"
3.2.2.Challenge to Paradigm Disruptive Innovation by "Abduction"
3.2.3.Accomplishment of Paradigm Disruptive Innovation by "Induction" and "Deduction"
3.2.4.Characteristics for the Paradigm Disruption of the Blue LED
3.3.Resonance and Transilience
3.3.1.Creating Fields of Resonance
3.3.2.The Pioneering Spirit of RIKEN Before World War II
3.3.3."Transilience" or Knowledge Cross-Border
3.3.4.Leaping into a World with a Different Basis of Evaluation
3.3.5.iPS Cells Generated Through Transilience
3.4.Breaking Away from Paradigm Sustaining Innovation
3.4.1.The Four Types of Innovation
3.4.2.Innovation Sommeliers Are Required
4.Science Resonating with Society
4.1.What Is Trans-science?
4.1.1."Trans-science" Problems That Science Alone Cannot Solve
4.1.2.Republic of Trans-science
4.1.3.Civilian Control of Science and Technology
4.1.4.What Is the True Nature of Science?
4.1.5.Border Between Science and Trans-science
4.2.Two Symbolic Accidents
4.2.1.Fukuchiyama Train Accident That Was 100% Foreseeable
4.2.2.A Judicial System That Does Not Dismiss Science
4.2.3.Why Was Seawater Not Injected? Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident
4.2.4.Fear of the Nuclear Reactor Being Decommissioned
4.2.5.Concealing Management Responsibility
4.3.Why Is Scientific Thinking in Organizations Lost?
4.3.1.Who Are the Experts?
4.3.2.Nuclear Power Policy That Excludes Physicists
4.3.3.JR's Exclusion of Scientists
4.3.4.Incorporating Science in Organizations
5.Social System That Produces Innovation
5.1.Reconstructing the Fields of Resonance
5.1.1.After World War II, Japan Tried to Create a Society That Does Not Take Risks
5.1.2.The Rules of Competition Have Changed
5.1.3.Reconstructing the Fields of Resonance in Universities, Industries, and Society
5.1.4.The Secret of the Cambridge Phenomenon
5.1.5.Potential of College
5.2.Institutional Reform of Universities and Industries
5.2.1.Nurturing Innovation Sommeliers
5.2.2.New Graduate School Design
5.2.3.Building Fields of Resonance Between Organizations
5.2.4.Bringing Scientists into the Management Team
5.3.Toward a Society Where Everyone Pursues Science
5.3.1.Scientist Is Not an Occupation
5.3.2.The Irresponsible Attitude of Scientists
5.3.3.Realization of a "Citizen Scientist Society".